I Am Jaffna

The Union Leader

Bala Tampoe

Bala Tampoe led the Ceylon Mercantile Industrial and General Workers Union for more than fifty years. Born in Jaffna and trained as a lawyer, he moved through several professions before committing himself to the trade union movement. He spoke of strikes in terms of morale and discipline, drawing on military history as readily as on labour law.

During a strike by workers at James Finlay and Company in Mahabage, he addressed a large gathering outside the company’s warehouse. The road filled with motorbikes, placards and shouted slogans. At eighty-eight he spoke in Sinhala to encourage the workers and affirm the union’s support. Though Tamil, he was greeted in the idiom of Sinhala mythic language. He saw himself most clearly as a socialist and a workers’ leader.

Field Note:

I first met Bala Tampoe in December, when workers from James Finlay and Company had begun a strike in Mahabage. He suggested I come and observe. The demonstration was already under way when I arrived. Motorbikes circled the warehouse road; placards were raised; slogans were repeated in rhythm. When Tampoe mounted the stage, the crowd answered with “Jaya wewa.” He spoke in Sinhala, balancing encouragement with instruction.

Later at the CMU office, he and the union’s lawyer were leaning over a large volume of employment law, preparing for another dispute. The conversation moved easily between case strategy and the psychology of morale. Strike committees, he explained, tracked family circumstances and finances to ensure that no worker would be forced to withdraw prematurely.

His ancestry could be traced to Jaffna royalty. When I raised it, he dismissed the subject and returned to Marx. He spoke of class, organisation and endurance. “I can’t let go,” he said of the union.

In him, lineage, language and ideology did not align neatly. He described himself not through origin, but through struggle.

Colombo
February 2013

Interview language: English
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Transcript and translations

Language

English

Subjects discussed

The fundamental thing in any struggle is morale. 

In Sinhala at one time, they used to shout for people they regard as heroes, “Sinha pataw”. Sinha pataw means the cubs of the lion. And then they would give the name of the leader and say so-and-so’s pataw, referring to themselves.

You know the Sinhala people consider themselves to be the lion race, mythically the lion race. And I thought that is essentially Sinhala, racial expression, saying Sinha pataw. Because they are the lion race.

But then once, after a big general strike of our union that lasted about thirty days… We had a demonstration of about 7,000 CMU members. So quite often instead of me being at the head of the protest, I go to the end, and start walking down to see all the actual people who are marching in the demonstration. And when they see me very often they shout my name, “Jayaweva, Bala Tampoe”. Jayaweva or victory, both.  There it means “long live” also, it has double connotation.

But then one day to my surprise when that demonstration was taking place — I remember it was May 1, 1968 — that group started shouting: “Tampoe pataw, Sinha pataw”. That is the young of Tampoe are lion cubs! It’s a cultural racial kind of connotation. But not racist. Because I’m a Tamil (laughs). You see?

We don’t give up halfway. If we can, we sustain a struggle till such time as we can get a settlement.

The fundamental thing in any struggle is morale. I’ve read most military leaders’ histories, biographies. I’ve studied… I’ve studied World War I, World War II… And for instance, Field Martial Lord Montgomery… one important statement he made, he said, “In war it’s not arms, it’s not even numbers. Ultimately, it’s morale”. And that’s my own experience.

That demonstration they organised there with those motorbikes and all that, from the factory up to the main road and back, that was entirely organised by themselves. I didn’t know they had planned a thing like that. All they said is, come and address us when we come out on strike.

It can get prolonged. There’s been no strike for a long time, but we will stand by you and we won’t tell our single striker to fall into the position of being compelled to say, go back for work, because he can’t hold out. We select the weakest. We tell the strike leaders, check on every worker. Now, when I said that kind of thing, it threw… it threw a very strong response. I said, we won’t lose sight of a single worker. I tell the strike committee, check family position, financial position and also morale.

That’s how our CMU is a by-word in this country, with employers, with the police. A by-word. When you say CMU, it has significance. Not only nationally. Internationally.

We have been fighting strikes from (laughs) a way back. So we have had experience of all kinds of situations. So, I mean, there’s hardly a situation that can develop in a strike of which I have not had some kind of experience. I told them, don’t expect them to come today or tomorrow to settle this.

Because I am so caught up with the development of this union almost from its birth as an independent organisation for over 62 years, the members of the union just can’t let go of me, and so I can’t let go of them. In fact, people have asked me, how can you go on like this? At this age? I tell them (laughs) quite simply because I can’t let go.

About this portrait

Photographer : Kannan Arunasalam
Interviewer ,: Kannan Arunasalam
Recorded: February 13, 2010
Republished: November 2, 2025
Last edited: February 23, 2026

Comments

  1. Dhiresh Tampoe
    February 26, 2011 at 03:10 am
    I am grateful for this amazing testimony to my father and his "Tampoe Pattaw", collectively referred to by him as "Singhe Pattaw"! When I visited the Sri Lankan Embassy in Los Angeles, they adressed me as the son of the "people's man'. An accurate tribute to his lifetime of self-sacrifice for the welfare of the people, especially the underdog. Special thanks to Max Jayakoddy for his assistance in continuing the legacy of the CMU, with my father at the helm.
  2. @iam_project
    February 4, 2013 at 11:08 am
    Jaya wewa Bala Tampoe, who completed 65 years as General Secretary of the CMU on 1 February 2013 http://t.co/6jI8dZjy http://t.co/0BlFaPkb
  3. Kannan Arunasalam
    September 1, 2014 at 06:45 pm
    Bala Tampoe, 1922 - 2014. RIP
  4. Kannan Arunasalam
    September 2, 2021 at 12:18 pm
    We remember union leader Bala Tampoe, who passed away seven years ago today https://twitter.com/iam_project/status/1433335047768129536?s=21

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